Corns and calluses develop from repeated friction, rubbing or irritation, and pressure on the skin. Corns and calluses typically form on the bony or prominent areas of feet. On the hands, they (more likely calluses) form on the areas where there is ongoing rubbing against the skin.

The hardened layers of skin of corns and calluses are actually your body’s way of protecting the underlying skin from irritation and pressure. Corns and calluses can develop due to several factors that cause repeated friction, pressure, or irritation on the skin. Wearing ill-fitting footwear, especially shoes that are too tight, narrow, or high-heeled, is a common cause as it increases pressure on specific areas of the feet. Walking or running for long periods, particularly on hard surfaces, can also contribute, as can engaging in sports or high-impact activities like hiking, dancing, or climbing. On the hands, calluses often form from prolonged use of tools, sports equipment, or musical instruments without proper protection, leading to continuous rubbing. Foot deformities such as bunions or hammertoes, as well as improper walking patterns that create uneven weight distribution, can further increase the risk. Walking barefoot on rough surfaces or wearing shoes without socks also adds to friction, while certain daily activities, such as g